Patient guide · Understanding

Hepatitis B & C explained

Hepatitis B and C are common in Pakistan, and many people carry them for years without knowing. The most important message is hopeful: hepatitis C is now curable in most people, and hepatitis B is very manageable — but only once it's found. Testing is everything.

What they are

Hepatitis B and C are viruses that infect the liver. In many people the infection becomes long-standing (chronic), causing slow, silent inflammation. Over years, untreated infection can scar the liver (cirrhosis) and raise the risk of liver cancer. Caught early and managed well, most of that harm is preventable.

How they spread

  • Blood contact — reused or unsterile needles and syringes, unsafe injections, shared razors or blades
  • Medical or dental procedures with improperly sterilised instruments
  • Unscreened blood transfusions (now rare where blood is properly screened)
  • Mother to baby at birth (mainly hepatitis B)
  • Unprotected sex (mainly hepatitis B)

They are not spread by sharing food or water, hugging, or everyday contact.

Why testing matters so much

Both infections are usually silent for years — you can feel completely well while the liver is quietly affected. A simple blood test detects them. If you've ever had an unscreened transfusion, unsterile injection or dental work, a shared razor, or a family member with hepatitis, getting tested is one of the most valuable things you can do.

Symptoms — often none, but watch for

  • Unusual tiredness
  • Yellowing of the eyes or skin (jaundice)
  • Dark urine or pale stools
  • Pain over the right upper abdomen
  • Nausea or loss of appetite

The good news about treatment

Hepatitis C

Modern tablets (direct-acting antivirals) cure hepatitis C in the great majority of people, usually within 8–12 weeks, with very few side effects — one of the real success stories of modern medicine.

Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B usually can't be "cured" in the same way, but it's very controllable. Many people simply need monitoring; others benefit from safe, effective long-term medicines that suppress the virus. Crucially, a vaccine prevents hepatitis B entirely — and family members should be tested and vaccinated.

If you already have a diagnosis

Please don't ignore it, even if you feel fine. Regular monitoring protects your liver, guides treatment timing, and screens for complications early. Avoid alcohol, be cautious with over-the-counter and herbal remedies that can stress the liver, and keep your follow-up appointments.

How Dr. Maaz can help

Care includes confirming the diagnosis, assessing how active the infection is and whether the liver is affected, deciding if and when treatment is needed, and arranging cure or long-term control — guiding you through the antiviral course for hepatitis C, or tailored monitoring and family protection for hepatitis B.

Frequently asked questions

Is hepatitis C really curable?

Yes. For most people, a short course of well-tolerated tablets clears the virus completely. The main barrier now is simply getting tested and starting treatment.

Can I pass it to my family?

Everyday contact like sharing meals is safe. The risks relate to blood and, for hepatitis B, birth and sexual contact. Family testing and — for hepatitis B — vaccination are the key protections.

I feel fine. Do I still need treatment?

Feeling well doesn't mean the liver is unaffected. That's why assessment and monitoring matter even without symptoms — it lets us act before problems develop.

Get tested, get peace of mind

Whether it's screening or managing a known diagnosis, Dr. Maaz can help.

This guide provides general information only and does not replace personal medical advice, testing, or treatment. For emergencies, contact Shifa International Hospital or your nearest emergency department.